Pentagram Research Centre Private Limited
Incorporated at Hyderabad, India, under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 on February 24, 1997
Registration Number: 01 - 26505
201, Venkat Homes, MIGH - 59, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Tel: +91-40-23533108; Fax: +91-40-23531542
Mission: ...in the service of the Nation
Our vision is to create a knowledge based society and promote global integration
LCCS
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Logical Currency Checking System (An advanced mixed signal / pattern recognition system) About LCCS version 1.0
Logical Currency Checking System version 1.0 is an indigenously developed fast currency counting and checking Electronic Hardware Unit and it works reliably in almost all weather conditions. Mixed signal processing concept has been used to develop the strategy for checking the genuineness of Indian currency notes as per the specification brought out by the Reserve Bank of India. This technology could be extended to checking other currencies also. Basic Technology The checking and counting process comprises of the following steps: (i) Acquiring 1-D analog signals from optical, Ultra Violet, Infra Red and Laser sensors, (ii) Processing the discrete, analog and mixed signals, and (iii) Decision making whether the subjected currency is genuine or not. The genuineness of a bill is ultimately decided by the fact whether the bill has the security thread or not. Based on the decision, a Go - NoGo signal is generated and the currency is accepted or rejected. The throughput rate of this checking and counting process is about 900 bills per minute. Advanced signal Processing The stack of tactile sensors consists of 19 or more light sources and optical / laser / UV / IR sensors. The following image shows the arrangement. The bill is moved from right to left.
At the end of the scanning, each sensor produces an analog signal as shown above in the right.
Now we have a set of 19 discrete signals as shown above in the left. These discrete signals are represented as x1(n), x2(n), x3(n), x4(n), x5(n), ………, x19(n) and these are matched with template signals in the decision process. For example, the signal x19(n) is the discrete number sequence x19(0), x19(1), x19 (2), x19(3), x19(4), x19(5), ……, x19(32). Now, the arithmetic sum of each discrete number sequence is calculated. Thus we have 19 sums. The bar chart corresponding to these 19 values is shown above in the right. This chart is obtained by actually measuring the sums while checking a 500-rupee currency bill in our research laboratory. The smallest of these 19 values (for example, the value 1640 milli volts shown in the chart) corresponds to the thread embedded in the currency. Absence of the smallest value means that the currency under investigation is a counterfeited one. The RBI notification (http://www.rbi.org.in) about the security thread clearly indicates that (i) Rs.1000 notes introduced in October 2000 contain a readable, windowed security thread alternately visible on the obverse with the inscriptions ‘Bharat’ (in Hindi), ‘1000’ and ‘RBI’, but totally embedded on the reverse, (ii) The Rs.500 and Rs.100 notes have a security thread with similar visible features and inscription ‘Bharat’ (in Hindi), and ‘RBI’ ; when held against the light, the security thread on Rs.1000, Rs.500 and Rs.100 can be seen as one continuous line, (iii) The Rs.5, Rs.10, Rs.20 and Rs.50 notes contain a readable, fully embedded security thread with the inscription ‘Bharat’ (in Hindi), and ‘RBI’ ; the security thread appears to the left of the Mahatma's portrait and (iv) Notes issued prior to the introduction of the Mahatma Gandhi Series have a plain, non-readable fully embedded security thread. The technique presented above is highly reliable to detect plain non-readable fully embedded security thread with the speed of 900 notes per minute. Alternatively, the windowed security threads are detected by our advanced mixed signal processing system which makes use of a new state-of-the-art technology of processing mixed signals (analog and digital) produced by a stack of high-fidelity optical sensors. Pentagram Research has a Commercial and Intellectual Property Right on this technology and thus it has not been reported here.
Logical Currency Checking System (An advanced pattern recognition system) About LCCS version 2.0
Logical Currency Checking System version 2.0 is an indigenously developed fast operating currency counting and checking Electronic Hardware Unit fitted with an Expert System Software and it works reliably in almost all weather conditions. Mixed signal processing, Pattern recognition and Image processing concepts have been used to develop the strategy for checking the genuineness of a currency note, be it a U.S. Dollar bill or a Euro Currency or any other note of any origin. Basic Technology The state-of-the-art technique used in this system employs the following steps: (i) Acquiring 1-D analog signals from optical, Ultra Violet, Infra Red and Laser sensors, (ii) Acquiring the image of the currency in Ultra Violet and / or panchromatic light ambience from the scanners / digital cameras, (iii) Processing the discrete, analog and mixed signals, (iv) Processing the 2-D image of the currency using High-throughput Cellular Logic Array Processing principles such as (1) pattern recognition involving Rajan Transform, (2) Histogram techniques, (3) Texture based classification, (4) Feature Extraction techniques like Spatial distribution of various features, Spectral Characteristics of various features, Volume fraction of each feature, Gridding technique (As done in the case of DNA Finger printing) and (v) Decision making whether the currency under investigation is genuine or not. Based on the decision, a Go - NoGo signal is generated and the currency is accepted or rejected. The throughput rate of the currency checking and counting is about 900 bills per minute. Block Diagram of the LCCS version 2.0
RBI specifications (http://www.rbi.org.in) A genuine currency note should have certain parameters specified by the Reserve Bank of India. Our fake currency detecting machine LCCS version 2.0 checks for the genuineness of the bill based on such parameters. Watermark: The Mahatma Gandhi Series of banknotes contain the Mahatma Gandhi watermark with a light and shade effect and multi-directional lines in the watermark window.
Latent Image: On the obverse side of Rs.1000, Rs.500, Rs.100, Rs.50 and Rs.20 notes, a vertical band on the right side of the Mahatma Gandhi’s portrait contains a latent image showing the respective denominational value in numeral. The latent image is visible only when the note is held horizontally at eye level. The following figure shows the number 100 which is detected at the right of Mahatma Gandhi portrait by LCCS version 2.0.
Intaglio Printing: The portrait of Mahatma Gandhi, the Reserve Bank seal, guarantee and promise clause, Ashoka Pillar Emblem on the left, RBI Governor's signature are printed in intaglio, that is, in raised prints, which can be felt by touch, in Rs.20, Rs.50, Rs.100, Rs.500 and Rs.1000 notes. Identification mark: A special feature in intaglio has been introduced on the left of the watermark window on notes of Rs.20 and above denomination. This feature is in different shapes for various denominations (Rs. 20-Vertical Rectangle, Rs.50-Square, Rs.100-Triangle, Rs.500-Circle, Rs.1000-Diamond) and helps the visually impaired to identify the denomination.
Hardware required LCCS version 2.0 will run on any IBM compatible PC which has at least 64 MB RAM and 4 GB hard disk. A high resolution color monitor is recommended for a good display. The operating system should be Windows 95 and above or Windows NT and XP. Other platforms LCCS version 3.0 runs on Silicon Graphics workstation with the operating system IRIX 6.1 and above. LCCS version 4.0 runs on SOLARIS OS based SUN workstation. LCCS version 4.0 would be ported to SUN SOLARIS environment under the SUN Partnership program. Potential users: All Banks, Commercial shops and complexes, Corporate hospitals, Hotels and restaurants, E-Sewa centers, Airports, ATMs manufacturers, Academic institutions, Mints would find this system inevitable.
Transaction Automation System (An advanced biometric security system) About TAS
An encryption technique for fingerprint signatures has been incorporated in the biometric security check and this was originally proposed as a project to a bank in Singapore. A high-end processor with intelligent software embedded into it would be fixed in the ATM card or credit card which would ensure the highest level of security in the transaction. The encryption and decryption algorithms are kept absolutely confidential and so one is assured of undoubted reliability in the entire transaction automation scheme suggested by us. Some of the screen shot images are provided below which are self-explanatory.
SUN workstations and Sun Fire X2200 M2 dual-core server (Release Date: Not yet decided)
Send your purchase order or queries to: Pentagram Research Centre Pvt. Ltd. 201, Venkat Homes, MIGH - 59, Mehdipatnam Hyderabad - 500 028, Andhra Pradesh, India Mobile: 9885204420, Tel : +91-40-23533108 E-mail: commercial@pentagramresearch.com
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LCCS
version 4.0 runs on SOLARIS OS based 